[ Main Page ]

¥â¥ë¥â¥Ã¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢²»¶Á¡¦Åŵ¤¥Ï¥¤¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥É·¿»É·ã¤Ç¤Î¾ì½êŪ½ÅÊ£¤Ë¤è¤êé÷µí¤ÎÅŵ¤Í¶È¯È¿±þ¤¬º¸±¦¤µ¤ì¤ë

Otology & Neurotology 33 (9):1535-42, 2012

Spatial overlap of combined electroacoustic stimulation determines the electrically evoked response in the Guinea pig cochlea.

Stronks HC, Prijs VF, Chimona TS, Grolman W, Klis SF.
*Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ¢÷Lions Vision Research and Rehabilitation Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Wilmer Woods Building, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.; and ¢øENT Department, Chania General Hospital, Chania, Greece.

²¾Àâ¡§é÷µí¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢Åŵ¤»É·ã¡¦²»¶Á»É·ãÉô°Ì¤Î¾ì½êŪ½ÅÊ£¤ò¸º¤é¤¹¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢Í¶È¯È¿±þ¤Î¸º¾¯¤ò²¡¤µ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
ÇØ·Ê¡§¥Ï¥¤¥Ö¥ê¥Ã¥É·¿¿Í¹©Æâ¼ª¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ï¡¢ÅŶËŤ¬Ä̾ï¤Î¤â¤Î¤â¤¢¤ë¤·¡¢²»¶Á»É·ã¤È¤Î´³¾Ä¤òËɤ°¤¿¤á¤ËÅŶËŤ¬Ã»¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ëʪ¤â¤¢¤ë¡£ ²»¶Á»É·ã¼«ÂΤ¬Åŵ¤»É·ã¤Ë±Æ¶Á¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
ÊýË¡¡§é÷µí¤Î¹â¼þÇÈÎΰè¤ËÅŵ¤»É·ã(900¦ÌA)¤òÍ¿¤¨¡¢eCAP¤ò¬Äê¡£Ä̾ïİÎϤΥâ¥Ç¥ë(NH, n=6)¤ÇÅŵ¤»É·ã¡¦ ²»¶Á»É·ã¤¬ºÇ¤â¾ì½êŪ¤Ë½ÅÊ£¤¹¤ëÎã¤È¤·¤Æ»î¸³¤·¡¢¹â²»ÆñݤΥâ¥Ç¥ë(HFHL, n=6)¤Ç½ÅÊ£¤¬ºÇÄã¤Ë¤Ê¤ëÎã¤È¤·¤Æ»î¸³¤·¤¿¡£ ²»¶Á»É·ã¤Ï¡¢¹­°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤Þ¤¿¤ÏÄã°è¥Î¥¤¥º(0-100dB SPL)¤ò»ÈÍÑ¡£²»¶Á»É·ã¤ÎeCAP¤Ø¤Î±Æ¶Á¤Ït test¤Ë¤ÆÅý·×Ū¤Ë¸¡Äꤷ¤¿¡£
·ë²Ì¡§60dB SPL¤Î¹­°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤ÏNH¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÇÍ­°Õ¤ËeCAP¤òÍÞÀ©¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢HFHL¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤Ï30dB Â礭¤Ê¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Þ¤ÇÍÞÀ©¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£ Äã°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤Ç¤ÎeCAP¤ÎÍÞÀ©¤Ïξ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç60dB SPL¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤ÆÍ­°Õ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢90dB SPL¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢Î¾¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÇÍ­°Õ¤ËÍÞÀ©¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£
·ëÏÀ¡§Ä̾ï¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î²»¶Á»É·ã²¼¤Ç¤Ï¡¢²»¶Á»É·ã¤ÈÅŵ¤»É·ã¤Î¾ì½êŪ½ÅÊ£¤òºÇ¾®¸Â¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢eCAP¤ÎÍÞÀ©¤òÍÞ¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£ Åŵ¤»É·ã¤òé÷µí¤Î²»¶Á»É·ã¤Ë´¶±þ¤·¤Ê¤¤Éôʬ¤ËÍ¿¤¨¤ë¤«¡¢²»¶Á»É·ã¤«¤éÅŵ¤»É·ã¤ÎÍ¿¤¨¤ë¼þÇÈ¿ôÂӤ⻤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¾ì½êŪ½ÅÊ£¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

¿Í¹©Æâ¼ª¤ÎȯŸ¤Ëȼ¤¤¡¢»Ä¸İÎϳèÍÑ·¿(electric acoustic stimulation; EAS)¤Îµ¡¼ï¤¬½ù¡¹¤ËƳÆþ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ ÁÞÆþ»þ¤Î»½ý¤òºÇ¾®¸Â¤ËÍÞ¤¨¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢¥É¥ê¥ë¤ò²Äǽ¤Ê¸Â¤êû»þ´Ö¤Î¤ß»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤ê¡¢ÁÞÆþ»þ¤Î¼ê½ç¤ò¹©Éפ·¤¿¤ê¡¢Round Window¤è¤ê¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢ ¥¹¥Æ¥í¥¤¥É¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤¿¤ê¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¼êµ»¾å¤ÎȯŸ¤Ë²Ã¤¨¡¢ÅŶˤò¤·¤Ê¤ä¤«¤Ë¤·¤¿¤ê¡¢¼ã´³Ã»¤¯¤·¤¿¤ê¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿µ¡³£ÅªÂ¦Ì̤«¤é¤âÍÍ¡¹¤Ê¸¡Æ¤¤¬¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£ EAS¤Î¼ÂºÝ¤Î±¿ÍѤˤª¤¤¤Æ¡¢Åŵ¤¡¦²»¶ÁξÊý¤«¤é¤Î»É·ã¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Þ¥¹¥­¥ó¥°¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬ÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢ é÷µí¼þÇÈ¿ôÎΰè¤Ç¤Î¾ì½êŪ¤Ê½ÅÊ£¤Ë´Ø¤ï¤é¤ºÀ¸¤¸¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¼ç¤ËÃæ¿õ¤Ç¤ÎƯ¤­¤Ë¤è¤ë¸½¾Ý¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£
¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Îưʪ¼Â¸³¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢Åŵ¤»É·ã¤Ë¤è¤êÀ¸¤¸¤ëeCAP(Àø»þ0.3msÄøÅÙ)¤¬²»¶Á»É·ã¤Ë¤è¤êÍÞ°µ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢ İ¿À·Ð¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ç¤Î¤³¤ÎÍÞ°µ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æº£²ó¤Ï¸¦µæÂоݤȤ·¤¿¡£

¿Þ£±¡¡¹â²»´¶²»ÆñݤΥâ¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢¥«¥Ê¥Þ¥¤¥·¥ó(200mg/kg)¡Ü¥Õ¥í¥»¥ß¥É(100mg/kg)ÅêÍ¿¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤ÆºîÀ®¡£ÁÈ¿¥À÷¿§¤ò¹Ô¤¤¡¢ ´ðÄì²óž¤Ç¤Ï´°Á´¤Ë³°Í­ÌÓºÙ˦¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ò³Îǧ¡£Ê¿¶Ñ50%¤Î¥é¥»¥ó¿À·ÐÀáºÙ˦¤Î½ý³²¡¢65%¤ÎÍ­ÌÓºÙ˦¤Î½ý³²¤òǧ¤á¤¿¡£ Acoustically evoked compound action potential (CAP)¤Ç10¦ÌV¤òïçÃͤȤ·¤Æ¥ª¡¼¥¸¥ª¥°¥é¥à¤òºîÀ®¤·¡¢¿Þ£Á¤Î·ë²Ì¤òÆÀ¤¿¡£ 16kHz¤Ç60dBÄøÅÙ¤ÎïçÃ;徺¤òǧ¤á¤ë¡£¿Þ£Á¤ÎNH/HFHL¤Ï¶¦¤ËCI½Ñ¸å¤Ç¡¢CIÅŶˤÏ30kHz¤Î¤¢¤¿¤ê¤ËÀßÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£ BB noise/LF noise¤Ï¿ÞB,¿ÞC¤Ë¼¨¤¹¤È¤ª¤ê¤Î¼þÇÈ¿ô¥¹¥Ú¥¯¥È¥é¥à¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£

¿Þ£²¡¡eCAP¤òŬÀڤ˷׬¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡£¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¿Þprobe¤Î¼¨¤¹ÇÈ·Á(¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã¢ª¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã+eCAP)¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¡£ ¼¡¤Ë¥Ñ¥ë¥¹¤«¤éŬÀÚ¤Ëû¤¤»þ´Ö¡¢¾¯¤·Á°¤Ë¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼¤ò²Ã¤¨¤¿¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢eCAP¤¬½Ð¤Ê¤¤¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼¤Î¤ß¤ÎÈ¿±þ¤ò·×¬¤Ç¤­¤ë (¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼»É·ã¡Ü¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã¢ª¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼»É·ã¡Ü¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼¤Ë¤è¤ëeCAP¡Ü¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã ¡Ä ¿Þmasker+probe¤ÎÇÈ·Á¡¢¤³¤Î»þ¡¢ÉÔ±þ´ü¤Î¤¿¤á¥Ñ¥ë¥¹»É·ã¤Ë¤è¤ëeCAP¤Ï½Ð¤Ê¤¤¡£)¡£ ºÇ¸å¤Ë¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼»É·ã¤Î¤ß¤Ç¡¢eCAP¤ò·×¬(¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼»É·ã¢ª¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼»É·ã¡Ü¥Þ¥¹¥«¡¼¤Ë¤è¤ëeCAP)¡¢¿Þmasker¤ÎÇÈ·Á¡£¤³¤ì¤é£³ÇÈ·Á¤ò²Ã»»¡¢¸º»»¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ ½ã¿è¤ÊeCAP¤òÆÀ¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£

¿Þ£³¡¡eCAP·×¬¤ÎÎã¡£»É·ã¥Ñ¥ë¥¹(900uA)¤Ï10mS¤Î²»¶Á»É·ã(¹õÂÓ)³«»Ï¤«¤é5ms¸å¤ËÄ󼨡£ ES¤Î¤ß¤òEAS¤ÈÈæ³Ó¡£AS¤Î»þ¤ÎCAP¤ò¸º»»¤¹¤ë¤È²»¶Á»É·ã²¼¤Î½ã¤ÊeCAPÇÈ·Á¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¡¢ES¤ËÈæ¤ÙÍÞ°µ¤òǧ¤á¤ë¡£

¿Þ£´¡¡900uA»É·ã¤Ç¤ÎNH¥â¥Ç¥ë¡¢HFHL¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ÎES²¼¤Ç¤ÎeCAP¤Î°ã¤¤¡£»Ï¤á¤Î±¢À­¡¦ÍÛÀ­ÇȤòeCAP¤Î¿¶ÉýN1/P1¤È¤·¤Æ·×¬¡£ HFHL¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤ÏÍ­ÌÓºÙ˦¤¬¤Ê¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢Í­°Õ¤Ë¿¶Éý¤¬Â礭¤¤¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡£

¿Þ£µ¡¡¹â²»´¶²»Æñİ¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤ÎÄã²»¥Î¥¤¥º»É·ã²¼¤Ç¤ÎeCAP¤Î·×¬¤ÎÎ㡣¾¤Ï¿Þ£³¤ÈƱÍÍ¡£N1/P1¤Îº¹¤òeCAP¤Î¿¶Éý¤È¤·¤Æ·×¬¡£

¿Þ£¶¡¡¾åµ­¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿eCAP¤Î¿¶Éý¤òES¤Î¤ß¤Î¾ì¹ç¤ÈEAS¤Î¾ì¹ç¤È¤Ç·×¬¤·¡¢¿¶Éý(EAS)/¿¶Éý(ES)¤ò·×»»¤·(eCAP ratio)¡¢ ²Ã¤¨¤¿²»¶Á¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ë±þ¤¸¤Æ¥°¥é¥Õ¤Ë¤·¤¿¡£²¼¤ÎÃÊ¡¢Äã°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢NH¥â¥Ç¥ë¤âHFHL¥â¥Ç¥ë¤â90dB SPL¤ÇeCAP¤¬ÍÞ°µ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬Ê¬¤«¤ë¡£ ¾å¤ÎÃÊ¡¢¹­°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤Ç¤Ï¡¢NH¤Ç¤Ï30dB SPL°Ê¾å¤ÇeCAP¤¬ÍÞ°µ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢HFHL¤Ç¤Ï90dB SPLÄøÅ٤ˤʤé¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÍÞ°µ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡£ Åŵ¤»É·ã¥Ñ¥ë¥¹¤Ï¡¢900uA¸ÇÄê¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¿Þ£·¡¡¿Þ£¶¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢60dB SPL¡¢90dB SPL¤Ç¤Î¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤ÎeCAP ratio¤ò¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¼¨¤·¤¿¡£¾åµ­¤Ç½Ò¤Ù¤¿¤è¤¦¤ÊÍ­°Õº¹¤¬ÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬¤ï¤«¤ë¡£ ¤¹¤Ê¤ï¤Á¡¢¹­°è¥Î¥¤¥º¤Ç¤ÏNH¥â¥Ç¥ë¡¢HFHL¥â¥Ç¥ë´Ö¤ÇÍ­°Õ¤ËÍÞ°µº¹¤¬¤¢¤ë¤¬¡¢Äã²»¥Î¥¤¥º¤Ç¤Ï¡¢90dB SPL¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤È¡¢eCAP¤¬ÍÞ°µ¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£

º£²ó¤Î·ë²Ì¤Ç¤Ï¡¢eCAP¤ÎÍÞ°µ¤Ï¤½¤ì¤Ê¤ê¤ËÂ礭¤Ê²»°µ(~30dB SPL)¤ÇÀ¸¤¸¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢Åŵ¤»É·ã¤Î¹­¤¬¤ê¤È²»¶Á¤Ë¤è¤ë»É·ã¤Î¹­¤¬¤ê¤¬¸¶°ø¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡£ EAS¤òÍøÍѤ·¤¿CI¾ÉÎ㤬º£¸å¤Þ¤¹¤Þ¤¹Áý¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Í½ÁÛ¤µ¤ì¡¢ÅŶ˻ɷ㡦²»¶Á»É·ã´Ö¤Î´³¾Ä¤òËɤ°¤¿¤á¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¢ »Ï¤á¤Ïapical turn¤Ë¶á¤¤Éôʬ¤ÎÅŶˤò»È¤ï¤º¤Ë¶¹¤¤ÈϰϤÎÅŶˤǥޥåԥ󥰤·¡¢¹â²»°è¤ÎÆñݤ¬¿Ê¹Ô¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ë²»¶Á»É·ã¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¡¢ ¤è¤ê¹­¤¤ÈϰϤÎÅŶˤǥޥåԥ󥰤·Ä¾¤¹¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¤³¤È¤â¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡£Åŵ¤»É·ãñÂΤǤ⡢ÅŶ˴֤δ³¾Ä¤¬ÀΤ«¤éÃΤé¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢ ¤É¤ÎÄøÅÙ¤ÎÈϰϤDz»¶Á¡¦Åŵ¤»É·ã¤¬´³¾Ä¤·¹ç¤¦¤«¡¢¤µ¤é¤Ë¸¦µæ¤Î;ÃϤ¬¤¢¤ë¡£

Imagine, for example, what would happen if the government decided to
commission someone to write an official Great American Novel. First there'd be
a huge ideological squabble over who to choose. Most of the best writers would
be excluded for having offended one side or the other. Of the remainder, the
smart ones would refuse such a job, leaving only a few with the wrong sort of
ambition. The committee would choose one at the height of his career—that is,
someone whose best work was behind him—and hand over the project with copious
free advice about how the book should show in positive terms the strength and
diversity of the American people, etc, etc.

The unfortunate writer would then sit down to work with a huge weight of
expectation on his shoulders. Not wanting to blow such a public commission,
he'd play it safe. This book had better command respect, and the way to ensure
that would be to make it a tragedy. Audiences have to be enticed to laugh, but
if you kill people they feel obliged to take you seriously. As everyone knows,
America plus tragedy equals the Civil War, so that's what it would have to be
about. Better stick to the standard cartoon version that the Civil War was
about slavery; people would be confused otherwise; plus you can show a lot of
strength and diversity. When finally completed twelve years later, the book
would be a 900-page pastiche of existing popular novels—roughly Gone with the
Wind plus Roots. But its bulk and celebrity would make it a bestseller for a
few months, until blown out of the water by a talk-show host's autobiography.
The book would be made into a movie and thereupon forgotten, except by the
more waspish sort of reviewers, among whom it would be a byword for bogusness
like Milli Vanilli or Battlefield Earth.

Maybe I got a little carried away with this example. And yet is this not at
each point the way such a project would play out? The government knows better
than to get into the novel business, but in other fields where they have a
natural monopoly, like nuclear waste dumps, aircraft carriers, and regime
change, you'd find plenty of projects isomorphic to this one—and indeed,
plenty that were less successful.

    -- Paul Graham
    -- The Power of the Marginal ( http://www.paulgraham.com/marginal.html )

Go not to the elves for counsel, for they will say both yes and no.
		-- J.R.R. Tolkien


Powered by UNIX fortune(6)
[ Main Page ]