自動車事故に関する大規模なデータベースとして利用することを目的として米国にて考案され、1971年に発表された。 AISは外傷の種類と解剖学的重症度をコードで表し、重症度を6段階で評価する。
AISを基に多発外傷の重症度を評価するスコアで、損傷部位を6部位(頭頸部、顔面、胸部、腹部及び骨盤内臓器、四肢及び骨盤、体表) に分けて各部位、最高のAIS重症度スコアの中から、上位3つを抽出しそれぞれを二乗して合計した値で評価する。最大値は75点。
AIS/ISSが解剖学的な損傷形態を元にした指標であるのに対して、RTSは生理学的な指標を元に重症度を評価する。最重症は0点、最良は7.8408点。
コード(点数) | 意識レベル (GCS) |
収縮期血圧 | 呼吸数 |
4 | 13~15 | 90以上 | 10~29 |
3 | 9~12 | 76~89 | 30以上 |
2 | 6~8 | 50~75 | 6~9 |
1 | 4~5 | 1~49 | 1~5 |
0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
RTS = 0.9368 × GCS点数 + 0.7326 × 収縮期血圧点数 + 0.2908 × 呼吸数点数
TRISSは生理学的重症度と解剖学的重症度及び年齢因子を加えて予測生存率(Ps:Probability of survival)を算出する。 Ps>0.5で死亡した場合はその死は避けられた死、0.25≦Ps≦0.5の場合は救命の可能性があったかもしれない死(PTD:preventable trauma death)、 Ps<0.25の場合は避けることできなかった死(non-preventable death)と考えられる。
Ps = 1/(1+e-b)
b = b0 + b1 × RTS + b2 × ISS + b3 × 年齢 Score
b0(定数) | b1(RTS) | b2(ISS) | b3(Age) | |
鈍的外傷 | -0.4499 | 0.8085 | -0.0835 | -1.7430 |
鋭的外傷 | -2.5355 | 0.9934 | -0.0651 | -1.1360 |
開眼、言語におる応答、運動による応答の3要素に分類。それぞれの区分をスコア化し、その加算総和をGlasgow Coma Scaleとよぶ。 頭部外傷の重症度では3~8点は重症、9~13点は中等症、14~15点は軽症と分類される。
(Score) | ||
開眼反応 (eye opening) |
自発的に 言語により 痛み刺激により 開眼しない |
E4 3 2 1 |
言語反応 (verbal response) |
見当識あり 錯乱状態 不適当な言語 理解できない声 発声なし |
V5 4 3 2 1 |
最良運動反応 (vest motor response) |
命令に従う 疼痛部識別可能 四肢屈曲 逃避 異常屈曲 四肢伸展 まったく動かさない |
M6 5 4 3 2 1 |
<rindolf> dazjorz: I considered switching my default nick to "shlomif", because that's how most people know me. <dazjorz> rindolf: yeah, it's your alternative nick now right? <rindolf> dazjorz: but then XChat2 reverted to the old nick and I was too lazy. <unreal> You seem to have many, well, stupid friends, rindolf :P <rindolf> dazjorz: yes, I have it registered. <rindolf> unreal: stupid? <Zuu> rindolf, noo! what to do about the tomato then? fish dont have big tomato noses! <rindolf> Zuu: fish? <rindolf> Zuu: I'll give you a tomoato. <Zuu> good question <rindolf> I'll give you the tomato back. <Zuu> where do i get fish from <Zuu> no no, keep it :D <rindolf> Zuu: my last name is Fish. * tommy_the-dragon slaps zuu with a fish <tommy_the-dragon> there ya go <dazjorz> rindolf: I just registered 'sjors' * rindolf gives a fish to Zuu <dazjorz> rindolf: as a nick. <Zuu> rindolf, thats just absurd, a reindeer with 'fish' as surname... <Zuu> your parents must have hated you <rindolf> Open source: "everyone contributes a fish, and in exchange everyone gets their own ocean." <rindolf> dazjorz: ah, cool. <Zuu> tommy_the-dragon, does dragons eat other animals, like fish? <unreal> Ocean == Big Momma's Bath? <rindolf> Zuu: I'm not a reindeer - I just play one on T.V. <tommy_the-dragon> not fish... <tommy_the-dragon> just reindeers <Zuu> tommy_the-dragon, what about fake TV reindeers ? <Zuu> Nice :D <rindolf> unreal: no, the whole enchilada. <rindolf> tommy_the-dragon: LOL. <tommy_the-dragon> and enchiladas <dazjorz> rindolf: I know someone whose nick is Stonehead, he made his three-letter acronym stn, but usually it's letters from the first name <dazjorz> uh <dazjorz> the full name <dazjorz> yours could be shf for example, and everybody would know "hey, that's shlomi" <dazjorz> but I'm at most sg, so I need to borrow another letter somewhere, or make it daz or just sjors * dazjorz thinks <tommy_the-dragon> my cat eats flies... <rindolf> dazjorz: I hate these three letter acronyms. <Zuu> shlomi really sounds like some dish made of reindeer <tommy_the-dragon> but hes lucky because i dont eat cats <rindolf> Zuu: heh. <unreal> heh <rindolf> tommy_the-dragon: I didn't know dragons had cats. <dazjorz> what's the name of the red-nosed reindeer again? <Zuu> it sounds edible at least <dazjorz> oh rudolf :) <rindolf> dazjorz: Randolph. <dazjorz> oh <unreal> I used to have a friend whos nick was "crap" <rindolf> unreal: wow. <dazjorz> <someguy> crap, someone stole my bicycle <dazjorz> <crap> ok? <rindolf> dazjorz: heh. <dazjorz> rindolf: why don't you like the three-letter acronyms? <rindolf> dazjorz: often too confusing. <rindolf> dazjorz: and two easy to mistype. <rindolf> dazjorz: and not too memorable. <unreal> LIS. <dazjorz> three easy to mistype, I think <rindolf> And often hard to pronounce. <dazjorz> maybe I'll just go with sjors <rindolf> too easy. Freudian. <rindolf> dazjorz: yes, I think that's a good idea. <unreal> (Lies, I say!) <dazjorz> hehe, rindolf++ # freudian <Zuu> or you could pick something girly and hope people will treat you nicer :) <rindolf> dazjorz: have you played with the farnsworth bot yet? <rindolf> Zuu: RinGirl <rindolf> Though nicks with "Girl " in them tend to draw too much attention. <Zuu> nah, it cant contain 'girl' that just seems fake <dazjorz> rindolf: I have <dazjorz> rindolf: remind me to fix knotify, khtml, and quassel :( <rindolf> dazjorz: nice. <rindolf> dazjorz: using MemoServ? <dazjorz> rindolf: the bugs annoy me, a lot, but I never get around to actually trying to fix them <rindolf> Zuu: maybe I should call myself "shlomi". Americans will think I'm a girl. <Zuu> yeah, it kinda have a girlish sound to it <dazjorz> rindolf: call yourself shloma, dutch people will think you're over sixty and female <rindolf> dazjorz: heh. <dazjorz> let me rephase that <dazjorz> dutch people will think you're female... and over sixty <dazjorz> (oma = grandma) <rindolf> dazjorz: ah. <unreal> kloot. <rindolf> In Hebrew nouns that end with "ah" tend to be feminine. <dazjorz> shlomah? <rindolf> Seriously now, if I change my nick it will be to shlomif. <dazjorz> let's change our nicks at the same time <rindolf> Well, in Shlomi's case it would be Shlomith. <dazjorz> I will be sjors, you will be shlomif <rindolf> dazjorz: OK. * rindolf is now known as shlomif <dazjorz> shit, now I have to <Zuu> what does shlimif even mean ? * dazjorz is now known as sjors <sjors> Zuu: shlomi = his first name, f = the first letter of his last name <shlomif> sjors: hi. <shlomif> Zuu: shlomi fish. <sjors> hi shlomif <shlomif> Hi sjors <tommy_the-dragon> where does rindolf come into it? <shlomif> sjors: my nick is longer than yours. <Zuu> oh lol, and i just said his name sound girly :P * Zuu pat pats shlomif ^^ <shlomif> tommy_the-dragon: Rindolf was a dwarven warrior I played in AD&D. <tommy_the-dragon> ahh ok * shlomif gives Zuu his tomato back. <Zuu> :< <shlomif> Since I'm no longer a reindeer. <sjors> shlomif: that's just to compensate against something you have that's way shorter than mine <shlomif> sjors: LOL. <shlomif> sjors++ <Zuu> Erhmm.. shlomif! how come there's this big hole in it? <tommy_the-dragon> sorry... <tommy_the-dragon> my bad <Zuu> Hehe * shlomif doesn't like raw tomatoes. <shlomif> But I eat them with pasta, etc. <shlomif> Or as meat sauce. <Zuu> or in sandwiches <shlomif> sjors: anyway, welcome to ##programming <Zuu> or on reindeer nose <shlomif> sjors: I'll probably revert to "rindolf" after next disconnect. <shlomif> Zuu: after you cook the entire reindeer. * shlomif is a reindeer cannibal. <shlomif> Well, rindolf is. <Zuu> yes, but he ran away <shlomif> I also like dried and olive oiled tomatoes. <sjors> shlomif: I just changed my clients' settings to reconnect as sjors, too <shlomif> Well, I think I'll go to sleep. <shlomif> sjors: ah. <sjors> shlomif: it'll probably take a while to "adapt" to sjors instead of dazjorz <shlomif> sjors: well, enjoy your new nick. <sjors> and I still have dazjorz.com, and not sjors.anything * Zuu tugs shlomif in <sjors> thanks ;) <shlomif> Zuu: thanks. * Zuu quicly squeeses a fresh tomato onto shlomif's nose <sjors> shlomif: sjors.biz and sjors.mobi at most * shlomif doesn't have rindolf.{com,org,net} etc. <shlomif> sjors: maybe sjors.in <shlomif> I got a shlom.in <sjors> sjors.indahou.se <shlomif> sjors: heh. <sjors> sjors.ac, sjors.ag, sjors.am, sjors.at <sjors> hehe sjors.me <sjors> sjors.pl, too bad i don't really do perl anymore <shlomif> sjors: there's also .sh <sjors> sjors.sh, too bad I don't really do shell script a lot <shlomif> Or .im <sjors> sjors.tv, too bad I don't really watch.. <tommy_the-dragon> do you own a mobile? <shlomif> .tv are pretty costly. <sjors> meh I don't like sjors. anyway, so I'll just keep dazjorz for everything <tommy_the-dragon> yeah whats with that (the price of .tv)? <shlomif> tommy_the-dragon: it's the foundation of the economy of Tuvaly. -- Reindeers, Tomatoes and Normalising Nicks -- ##programming, Freenode Writing code in a compiled language is one of the last things that still can't be done instantly on a garden variety home computer. If your compilation process takes more than a few seconds, getting the latest and greatest computer is going to save you time. If compiling takes even 15 seconds, programmers will get bored while the compiler runs and switch over to reading The Onion, which will suck them in and kill hours of productivity. Debugging GUI code with a single monitor system is painful if not impossible. If you're writing GUI code, two monitors will make things much easier. Most programmers eventually have to manipulate bitmaps for icons or toolbars, and most programmers don't have a good bitmap editor available. Trying to use Microsoft Paint to manipulate bitmaps is a joke, but that's what most programmers have to do. At my last job, the system administrator kept sending me automated spam complaining that I was using more than ... get this ... 220 megabytes of hard drive space on the server. I pointed out that given the price of hard drives these days, the cost of this space was significantly less than the cost of the toilet paper I used. Spending even 10 minutes cleaning up my directory would be a fabulous waste of productivity. -- Joel Spolsky -- "The Joel Test: 12 Steps to Better Code" ( http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000043.html )